Often, treatment begins with scaling and root planing. Scaling involves the removal of plaque and tartar that has built up below the gum line. Then the tooth's root surfaces are smoothed or planed so that the gum tissue can reattach to the tooth. One side of the mouth is numbed each visit until every problem area has been addressed. This process is useful because it removes the irritants under the gums, drastically reducing the chance of inflammation or further infection. Once this procedure is complete, follow-up exams will be required to determine if the gums still contain pockets that need additional periodontal care.